Thursday, June 19, 2008

Computer Memory Controllers - How Do They Work?

By Jesse Miller

Controller

A computer system contains a first and second memory controllers; a first and second computer memory associated with the first and second memory controllers, a memory space; and firmware under control of which the computer system generates data that enables the first memory controller to use the first computer memory, saveing the data in the memory space, copies the data to the first memory controller, causing the first memory controller to use the first computer memory, and uses the first computer memory to initialize the second memory controller to use the second computer memory.

Reset

The computer firmware initiates a reset after saving the data; the computer system determines whether a current reset is firmware initiated; if the current reset is firmware initiated, the computer system copies the data to the first memory controller having the first memory controller to use the first computer memory, and uses the first computer memory to initialize the second memory controller to use the second computer memory; and if the current reset is not firmware initiated, the computer system generates the data that enables the first memory controller to use the first computer memory, and saves the configuration data in the memory space. Determining how much physical computer memory is present and useable, the memory controller uses the computer memory. To do so, it gathers type, size, speed and memory attributes from the memory modules and programs the memory controller accordingly. Once the memory controller has been configured, It will program a setting in the memory controller that triggers the memory controller to initialize the memory modules. Therefore, the complete configuration information is formatted and assembled, but not yet programmed into the memory. In this manner, it configures information with "virtual" registers having a one-to-one correspondence with the actual registers that are in the memory controller.

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Choosing a Computer for Freelance Graphic Design

By Jonathon Hardcastl

For many years, when a freelance graphic designer chose a new computer, Macintosh was the automatic choice. Macintosh computers provided the memory, processing speed and storage necessary for large design files. Most graphic design firms and printing companies used only Macintosh computers. Today, that trend continues but PCs are making inroads in what used to be territory exclusive to Macintosh. Therefore, the decision on what computer to purchase is not as clear cut as it once was for graphic designers.

Hardware is the first consideration of most freelance designers. While PCs have been proven to rival Macs in terms of processing speed, some people claim that Macs still process large graphic files more efficiently. Also, Macintosh computers have a better maintenance record than most PCs. However, when a hardware problem does arise a Mac can cost more to repair.

Software is where the Macintosh shines compared to the PC. All the major graphic design applications are available for both platforms and run with similar speed. However, the Macintosh operating system has historically been much more stable than the Windows operating system and much easier for the end user to troubleshoot. Additionally, Macintosh computers are far less susceptible to viruses, adware and spyware than PCs, which are notorious for their security flaws.

There are considerations beyond the hardware and software that a freelance designer needs to consider. For example, Macintosh computers typically cost more than PCs. However, once a PC is equipped with the appropriate memory, processor and graphics card to efficiently process graphic files, the cost is fairly similar. If a designer decides to switch platforms any graphic design software already owned must be repurchased under a new license which leads many designers to stick with one platform.

Aesthetics are often a consideration of many designers. Macintosh computers are designed to look sleek and creative while PCs are typically more standard looking. However, some of Macintosh's most originally designed computers are not suitable for graphic design work, leaving a designer with the standard CPU tower, monitor and peripherals, though perhaps in interesting colors.

Finally, careful consideration must be given to interactions with outside vendors and clients. Many printing companies and graphic design firms still have a strong pro-Macintosh bias and may reject native files created with PC software. However, if you are submitting EPS, TIFF or PDF files, the difference in platform will be negligible.

Jonathon Hardcastle writes articles on many topics including Computers, Science, and Education

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Five Reasons to Love Macintosh Computers

By Chris Robertson

If you've never owned an Apple computer, you don't know what you're missing. On the other hand, if you regularly use Macintosh computers, you understand that once you have a Mac, you'll never go back. An Apple Macintosh - whether it's a MacBook, a Mac Pro, or an iMac - takes personal computing to a whole new level. I bought my first iMac in 1998, have upgraded twice, and am still happy as a proverbial clam. Here, then are five reasons to love the Apple Macintosh. 1. Cool elegance. If there's one thing Steve Jobs knows how to do, it's designing electronics that are ultra-cool yet beautifully elegant. Why have a cumbersome big box desktop computer when you can have everything you need in an elegant iMac? Behind that clear, bright 16:10 aspect ratio monitor is the entire computer, including a DVD drive and a 64-bit Intel Core 2 Duo processor. There's even a webcam built into the iMac so you can video chat or video conference whenever the whim strikes. 2. Intuitive functionality.

Even though Windows copied the friendly desktop interface from Apple Macintosh, they still haven't been able to get it right. Navigating the Mac's interface is truly intuitive, engaging, and just downright fun. With a mobile computing product like the MacBook, you can take full computing functionality wherever you go. And, wherever you'll go, you'll always be connected, since the MacBook automatically finds nearby wireless networks and gives you nearly instant online access. 3. Digital living. Macintosh computers are designed to embrace the digital lifestyle. MacBooks and iMacs come with iLife, a wonderful array of applications that let you effortlessly share photo albums, record podcasts and songs, and even create and edit movies. You can even publish your creations on the Web with a single click. How cool is that? 4. Bug-free. If you've been wrestling with Vista the past few months (or any other Windows operating system, for that matter), you don't know the meaning of freedom. Macintosh computers' operating systems are bug-free, and as for upgrades, you get to choose when to receive software update notifications, and always have the choice of updating now or in the future. Mac simply isn't intrusive; you get to control technology, instead of having technology control you. 5. Workhorse. Macintosh computers are more than a way to frolic in your spare time. They're also workhorses. For years, graphic artists and publishers have almost exclusively used Macs for work.

With the Mac Pro, you can get Adobe Creative Suite 3, a suite of tools specifically designed for creative professionals. Whether you're a web designer, a graphic artist, an art director, or a video professional, Adobe Creative Suite 3 will make your work easier, better, and more fun. There are those who say that Macintosh computers are limited in that much of the available software is only compatible with PCs. My experience is that my Mac can do anything a PC can do - and do it better. But for those diehards who insist that they can't live without Windows, the next version of Mac OSX, Leopard, will allow you to install Windows XP on the Mac. Right now, you can run Windows in emulation mode...although for the life of me, I don't understand why you would want to!

Chris Robertson is an author of Majon International, one of the worlds MOST popular internet marketing companies on the web.Learn more about Macintosh Computers: True Love or Majon's Computers directory.

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